Described as a shingled wood frame structure crowned by a graceful cupula, the 60 by 30 foot building had 126 pews plus 50 more in the gallery. Many of the materials were salvaged from the recently dissolved Wall Street Presbyterian Church, including timbers, pews, and the pulpit. The cornerstone was laid on July 5, 1810.
The church was known for its abolitionist stance, and as early as 1822, the church had a multiracial Sunday school and admitted African-Americans to full communion. The Rev. Samuel Cox, who had seceded from the church in 1825 to found the Laight Street Church, preached racial tolerance to his congregation, and declared that Jesus Christ was "probably of a dark Syrian hue." The Rev. Dr. Henry G. Ludlow, who succeeded Rev. Cox, was surrounded by rumors that he had conducted interracial marriage ceremonies.