Signed into Law, July 4, 1789
The Tariff Act of 1789, signed by President George Washington, was the first major law passed by Congress under the new Constitution. Sponsored by James Madison, it aimed to raise revenue, protect domestic manufacturing, and support the federal government. It imposed a 5% tax on most imports, with higher rates on specific goods. The act was a key part of Alexander Hamilton’s economic strategy but faced opposition from Southern states reliant on imports.