On Sept 21, an editorial in the NY Sun assures letter writer 8-year old Virginia O'Hanlon that there is a Santa Claus."Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" is a line from an editorial by Francis Pharcellus Church called "Is There a Santa Claus?" which appeared in The Sun on September 21, 1897, and became one of the most famous editorials ever published. Written in response to a letter by eight-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon asking whether Santa Claus was real, the editorial was initially published anonymously, and Church's authorship was not disclosed until his 1906 death. The Sun gradually accepted its popularity and republished it during the Christmas season every year from 1924 to 1950, when the paper ceased publication."Is There a Santa Claus?" is commonly reprinted during the Christmas and holiday season, and has been cited as the most reprinted newspaper editorial in the English language. It has been translated into around 20 languages, and adapted as a film, television presentations, a musical, and a cantata.

 Original article in The New York Sun of September 21, 1897  

Nassau and Frankfort st 

Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus

 In 1917, The Sun moved its offices to the historic A.T. Stewart Company Building, site of America's first department store, at 280 Broadway between Chambers and Reade streets, renaming it "The Sun Building" with a landmark clock featuring its name and slogan on the Broadway fa&ccedil;ade. 

Sold by newsboys hawking it on the street, the small format paper with stories devoted to local news, crime, scandal, and other topics of human interest, it soon had the largest circulation in the worldThe Sun first gained notice for its central role in the Great Moon Hoax of 1835, a fabricated story of life and civilization on the Moon which the paper falsely attributed to British astronomer John Herschel and never retracted. On April 13, 1844, The Sun published as factual a story by Edgar Allan Poe now known as "The Balloon-Hoax", retracted two days after publication. The story told of an imagined Atlantic crossing by hot-air balloon. Today, the paper is best known for the 1897 editorial "Is There a Santa Claus?" (commonly referred to as "Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus"), written by Francis Pharcellus Church. John B. Bogart, city editor of The Sun between 1873 and 1890, made what is perhaps the most frequently quoted definition of the journalistic endeavor: "When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news." (The quotation is frequently attributed to Charles Dana, The Sun editor and part-owner between 1868 and his death in 1897.) In 1926, The Sun published a review by John Grierson of Robert Flaherty's film Moana, in which Grierson said the film had "documentary value." This is considered the origin of the term "documentary film"The newspaper's editorial cartoonist, Rube Goldberg, received the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning for his cartoon, "Peace Today". In 1949, The Sun won the Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting for a groundbreaking series of articles by Malcolm Johnson, "Crime on the Waterfront". The series served as the basis for the 1954 movie On the Waterfront.The Sun's first female reporter was Emily Verdery Bettey, hired in 1868. Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd was hired as a reporter and fashion editor in the 1880s; she was one of the first women to become a professional editor, and perhaps the first full-time fashion editor in American newspaper history.

with a grand procession of Republican Wide-Awakes at New York in the evening

The Sun; The New York Journal Building; The Tribune; New York Times; The World building

Nassau and Frankfort st

NY Sun started

One of the city's first commercial skyscrapers at 391 ft tall, it was the tallest in the world for nearly a decade. It housed the early headquarters of the Associated Press. Two other buildings on Park Row were also part of Newspaper Row but not built specifically for newspapers' use.

Joseph and Rachelle Friedman, owners of electronic and music retailer J&amp;R, bought 15 Park Row in the 1990s. By 2000, plans were developed for a thorough renovation of the entire structure. The 1st through 10th floors would remain as commercial space, while everything above the 10th floor would be converted into 210 residential units, ranging from studio apartments to two-bedroom suites.The initial renovations and residential conversions were completed by 2001, and the first tenants moved in during that May. However, the building was shuttered after the September 11, 2001, attacks and the resulting collapse of the World Trade Center; when the building reopened in March 2002, nearly half of the 70 tenants did not return, while there were 62 units available. The pair of apartments in the cupolas at the 28th through 30th floors were not renovated, and were offered for sale as unfurnished units in 2013.

R.H. Robertson’s Park Row Building was the tallest in the world until 1908. Financed by August Belmont, a pioneer of New York’s first subway, the building had 30 stories, nearly 1,000 offices, and cost $2,750,000 to build. <a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[1]</a>&nbsp;At thirty stories and 391 feet to the top of its twin cupolas, New York's Park Row Building was the tallest office building in the world. A speculative real estate venture, it contained 950 offices and could accommodate up to 4,000 workers.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[2]</a>

 However, J&amp;amp;R closed permanently the following year. The 3rd through 10th floors were subsequently converted for residential use as well.  

Park Row Building (15 Park Row)

 Historian and lawyer James Kaplan details the life of Mordecai Noah, one of the first Jewish Americans to serve in the US government. In the 1820s, Noah one of the leaders of Tammany Hall, which was once located on Park Row, then called Chatham Street. 

 A 49-Story Art Deco-inspired tower with 110 residences. Dramatic fa&ccedil;ade features cascading loggias, Juliet balconies, oversized casement-style windows and fluted columns. Grand curvilinear 24-hour attended lobby features terrazzo flooring with metal trim detail and fluted paneling. 

The hand-cast stone panels were installed first before the large glass panes with black-colored mullions went in.  

The Park Row Club&amp;mdash;a richly appointed amenity suite designed by Studio Mellone, featuring vast leisure spaces, soaring ceilings, and grandly-scaled windows overlooking City Hall Park. The Club offers a library and screening room, a lounge, a billiards room, a bar, a dining room, a playroom, a golf simulator, and a fitness center with a yoga studio and a 65-foot swimming pool. The Park Row Club Garden and Dining Terrace offers over 7,000 square feet of outdoor space for entertainment, relaxation, and play&amp;mdash;including lounge and living spaces, a grilling kitchen, a trellised dining area, and a naturalistic playscape and a lawn. On-site parking for purchase and a discrete Theatre Alley entrance offer privacy and convenience.    

25 Park Row

In 1833, Sun publisher Benjamin Day ran a Help-Wanted advertisement, looking for adults to help expand circulation. &ldquo;To the unemployed &mdash; A number of steady men can find employment by vending this paper. A liberal discount is allowed to those who buy and sell again&ldquo;. To Day`s surprise, his ad didn`t produce adult applicants as expected. Instead, the notice attracted children. Benjamin Day`s first newspaper &ldquo;hawker&rdquo; was Bernard Flaherty, a ten-year-old Irish immigrant. The kid was good at it too, crying out lurid headlines, to passers-by: &ldquo;Double Distilled Villainy!&rdquo; &ldquo;Cursed Effects of Drunkenness!&rdquo; &ldquo;Awful Occurrence!&rdquo; &ldquo;Infamous Affair!&rdquo; &ldquo;Extra! Extra! Read all about it!&rdquo; Hordes of street urchins swarmed the tenements and alleyways of American cities. During the 1870s, homeless children were estimated at 20,000 &ndash; 30,000 in New York alone, as much as 12% of school-age children in the city.

Newspaper Row

Newsies on Park Row

 The company changed its name to "Harper &amp; Brothers" in 1833. The headquarters of the publishing house were located at 331 Pearl Street, facing Franklin Square in Lower Manhattan (about where the Manhattan approach to the Brooklyn Bridge lies today). Harper &amp; Brothers began publishing Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1850. The brothers also published Harper's Weekly (starting in 1857), Harper's Bazar (starting in 1867), and Harper's Young People (starting in 1879). George B. M. Harvey became president of Harper's on Nov. 16, 1899. Harper's New Monthly Magazine ultimately became Harper's Magazine, which is now published by the Harper's Magazine Foundation. Harper's Weekly was absorbed by The Independent (New York; later Boston) in 1916, which in turn merged with The Outlook in 1928. Harper's Bazar was sold to William Randolph Hearst in 1913 and is now Bazaar, published by the Hearst Corporation. In 1924, Cass Canfield joined Harper &amp; Brothers and held a variety of executive positions until his death in 1986. In 1925, Eugene F. Saxton joined the company as an editor, and he was responsible for publishing many well-known authors, including Edna St. Vincent Millay and Thornton Wilder. In 1935, Edward Aswell moved to Harper &amp; Brothers as an assistant editor of general books and eventually became editor-in-chief. Aswell persuaded Thomas Wolfe to leave Scribner's, and, after Wolfe's death, edited the posthumous novels The Web and the Rock, You Can't Go Home Again, and The Hills Beyond. n 1962 Harper &amp; Brothers merged with Row, Peterson &amp; Company to become Harper &amp; Row. Marshall Pickering was bought by Harper and Row in 1988. Marshall Pickering itself was formed in 1981 from two long-established Christian publishers. Marshall Morgan and Scott, a London-based predominantly Baptist publishing house, which had acquired a number of publishing companies over the years, such as Bagsters (Bible publishers since 1794) and Oliphants. Pickering and Inglis was a long established Glasgow-based publisher, publishing largely for the non-conformist church in Scotland with many Brethren publications.. Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation acquired Harper &amp; Row in 1987, and William Collins &amp; Sons in 1990. The names of these two national publishing houses (Harper &amp; Row in the United States and Collins in Britain) were combined (along with the Harper's torch icon and Collins' fountain icon) to create HarperCollins, which has since expanded its international reach with further acquisitions of formerly independent publishers. The Harper imprint began being used in place of HarperCollins in 2007. The tensile strength of cast iron ushered in a new style of building in New York, making possible numerous windows and narrow supporting elements. The fa&ccedil;ade became virtually permeable, with big, inviting display windows that seemed to dissolve the boundary between street and shop. In 1858 architect and inventor James Bogardus, whose name has become synonymous with cast-iron architecture, wrote that he wanted to emulate the &ldquo;rich architectural designs of antiquity in modern times, by the aid of cast iron.&rdquo; His best-known structure, the Harper &amp; Brothers building at Franklin Square on Pearl Street, with its Italianate columns and arches, gives the impression of modernity while evoking the legitimacy of the past. 

Harper's Building

William Randolph Hearst purchased the NY Journal which began publishing sensational crime and sex stories as he built his newspaper chain rivalling Pulitzers in 1895.The beginning of 'Yellow Journalism' - The term was coined in the mid-1890s to characterize the sensational journalism in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898, and historical usage often refers specifically to this period.It was renamed in 1882 (as New York Morning Journal), 1895 (as The Journal), 1896 (New York Evening Journal), 1901 (as New York (Morning) American), 1937 (merger).The Evening Journal was home to famed investigative reporter Nellie Bly, who began writing for the paper in 1914 as a war correspondent from the battlefields of World War I. Bly eventually returned to the United States and was given her own column that she wrote right up until her death in 1922.

Tribune building

New York Journal founded and burned

 A successful American printmaking firm based in New York City from 1835 to 1907 headed first by Nathaniel Currier, and later jointly with his partner James Merritt Ives. The prolific firm produced prints from paintings by fine artists as black and white lithographs that were hand colored. Lithographic prints could be reproduced quickly and purchased inexpensively, and the firm called itself "the Grand Central Depot for Cheap and Popular Prints" and advertised its lithographs as "colored engravings for the people". The firm adopted the name "Currier and Ives" in 1857. 

The Grand Central Depot for Cheap and Popular Prints

Currier and Ives founded

 The New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, nicknamed "The Staats", claims to be the leading German-language weekly newspaper in the United States and is one of the oldest, having been published since the mid-1830s. In the late 19th century, it was one of New York City's major daily newspapers, exceeded in circulation only by the New York World and the New-York Tribune. Among other achievements, as of its sesquicentennial anniversary in 1984 it had never missed a publication date, thereby laying claim to the title of being continuously published longer than any other newspaper (of any language) in America. 

Staats-Zeitung Building, The Sun Building, and the Tract Building

Exceeded in circulation only by the New York World and the New-York Tribune

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung founded

A Newspaper established by women's rights activists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in NYC was titled The Revolution. It was published weekly between January 8, 1868 and February 17, 1872. With a combative style that matched its name, it primarily focused on women's rights, especially prohibiting discrimination against women voting, women's suffrage. It also covered other topics, however, such as politics, the labor movement and finance. Anthony managed the business aspects of the paper while Stanton was co-editor along with Parker Pillsbury, an abolitionist and a supporter of women's rights.Initial funding was provided by George Francis Train, a controversial businessman who supported women's rights but alienated many activists with his views on politics and race. The funding that he arranged was enough to start the newspaper but not enough to sustain it. After twenty-nine months, mounting debts forced Anthony to transfer the paper to Laura Curtis Bullard, a wealthy women's rights activist who gave it a less radical tone. The paper published its last issue less than two years later.

The Revolution

"The Revolution" Newspaper Started

The building was purchased by Pace University in 1951. The above-ground stories were turned into classrooms and offices, while the basement was turned into a gym. The first floor became the Pace University bookstore and lobby and was converted to an art gallery and student commons between 2017 and 2019. Pace also installed a plaque outside the building in 1959 to honor the Times's usage of the building.Pace is carrying on the legacy of the building today, by housing the campus' student newspaper The Pace Press, as well as student organization offices.

The building is the oldest surviving structure of the former "Newspaper Row", and has been owned by and currently houses classrooms and offices of Pace University since 1951. 41 Park Row contains a facade of Maine granite at its lowest two stories, above which are rusticated blocks of Indiana Limestone. Vertical piers on the facade highlight the building's vertical axis. The facade also contains details such as reliefs, moldings, and colonettes. When completed, the building was 13 stories and contained a mansard roof; the roof was removed as part of a later expansion that brought the building to 16 stories.The newspaper's first building was located at 113 Nassau Street in New York City. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use.The newspaper moved its headquarters to the Times Tower, located at 1475 Broadway in 1904, in an area then called Longacre Square, that was later renamed Times Square the newspaper's honor. The top of the building &ndash; now known as One Times Square &ndash; is the site of the New Year's Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball, which was begun by the paper. The building is also known for its electronic news ticker &ndash; popularly known as "The Zipper" &ndash; where headlines crawl around the outside of the building. It is still in use but has been operated by Dow Jones &amp; Company since 1995.

replacing two previous quarters that it had occupied since its 1851 founding. That building was replaced in 1889 as a&amp;nbsp;Romanesque Revival&amp;nbsp;structure by&amp;nbsp;George B. Post, which was erected while operations at the&amp;nbsp;Times&amp;nbsp;proceeded in the old quarters. 41 Park Row was the home of the&amp;nbsp;Times&amp;nbsp;until 1903, when it moved to&amp;nbsp;One Times Square.&amp;nbsp;  

The facade also contains details such as&amp;nbsp;reliefs, moldings, and&amp;nbsp;colonettes.&amp;nbsp;  

41 Park Row, The New York Times Building (1858 - 1903) / Pace University

Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA) is an American popular science magazine. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein, have contributed articles to it. It is the oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the United States (though it only became monthly in 1921). 

Scientific American

Publication of Scientific American

What Johann Gutenberg did for literacy in Europe in the Middle Ages by inventing movable type, the Linotype machine accomplished four hundred years later for European immigrants in America. The Linotype was manufactured in Brooklyn, where its introduction had profound consequences not only for journalism but also for organized labor. Thomas Edison called the machine the Eighth Wonder of the World, and an 1889 edition of The Manufacturer and Builder described it as "a remarkable triumph of inventive ingenuity."Previously, type was set by hand, one character at a time, a process that was both slow and highly labor-intensive for an army of compositors. It meant daily newspapers were generally limited to eight pages. The Linotype- short for a line of type-was a 250-cubic-foot Rube Goldberg-looking contraption invented and perfected by Ottmar Mergenthaler, a German immigrant watchmaker and machine shop operator who introduced it in 1884 after being inspired by a note-taking system that a stenographer for Lincoln's presidential cabinet was trying to perfect.Using brass matrices for each character--much like the Springerle Christmas cookie mold Mergenthaler once made for his mother-the machine converted molten lead into complete lines of type, justified for a specified column width and set by an operator at a 90-character (originally 107) keyboard. The type was fitted into a mold the size of the newspaper page and was then used to form the metal plates from which papers were printed.&nbsp;The Linotype allowed for more pages, quicker delivery of news, and dissemination of information to more and more readers. No city was a bigger newspaper town than New York. By 1865, one in eight editions of newspapers in the United States were being published there, and five years later, after ground wood pulp, or "brittle paper," was introduced, ninety newspapers were being published in the city alone. (The first regular comic was Richard Felton Outcalt's Yellow Kid, which appeared in the Sunday World in 1895, and the most famous editorial appeared two years later in The Sun, "Is There a Santa Claus?" in response to a letter from young Virginia O'Hanlon of 115 West Ninety-Fifth Street.)Linotypes, manufactured on Ryerson Street in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, were in regular use for nearly a century and profoundly influenced the labor movement - first when they were introduced (one operator could do the work of three to six compositors) and later, when they became obsolete (the shift to "cold type," in effect set digitally by the reporter or editor using a keyboard and a computer screen).&nbsp;TEXT FROM SAM ROBERTS 101 OBJECTS

Linotype Machine is modified to produce Arabic characters in Little Syria, NY's first community of Middle Eastern immigrants

New York Tribune used a new type of press for the 1st time to print its newspaper invented by Ottmar MergenthalerIn 1876, a German clock maker, Ottmar Mergenthaler, who had emigrated to the United States in 1872, was approached by James O. Clephane and his associate Charles T. Moore, who sought a quicker way of publishing legal briefs. By 1884, he conceived the idea of assembling metallic letter molds, called matrices, and casting molten metal into them, all within a single machine. His first attempt proved the idea feasible and a new company was formed. Improving his invention, Mergenthaler further developed his idea of an independent matrix machine. In July, 1886, the first commercially used Linotype was installed in the printing office of the New York Tribune. Here, it was immediately used on the daily paper and a large book. The book, the first ever composed with the new Linotype method, was titled, The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports.

New York Tribune Building

Linotype Machine invented

Designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt, the headquarters of the New York Tribune newspaper was the tallest building in the city, rising 260 feet to the tip of its ornamental tower. In 1883, the first 10-story masonry structure became the base for an addition of nine stories, a common practice in the late 19th century.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[1]</a>Designed by Richard Morris Hunt who was the 1st American Architect to study at the Ecole des Beaux Arts (and demolished in 1966), the tallest building in New York at 260 ft. is the New York Tribune BuildingIn 1872 Horace Greeley Defeated as the Presidential Candidate for the Liberal Republican Party was longtime abolitionist, founder, and editor of the New York Tribune.

The Potter Building was constructed with the most advanced fireproofing technologies available after the building previously on the site burned to the ground.The building replaced a former headquarters of the New York World, which was built in 1857 and burned down in February 1882. It was converted into apartments from 1979 to 1981. In 1886 Norris G. Starkweather incorporated the most advanced fireproofing methods at the time including 40" thick brick walls and cast iron construction for the Potter Building.Two other buildings on Park Row were also part of Newspaper Row but not built specifically for newspapers' use. The Potter Building, at 38 Park Row, contained tenants such as The Press, a Republican Party-affiliated penny paper, as well as The New York Observer.

 The Potter Building originally served as an office building with many tenants from the media and from legal professions. It was converted into apartments from 1979 to 1981.&amp;nbsp;  

Potter Building

 Potter erected a five-story Italianate stone building on the lot for $350,000 (equivalent to $10 million in 2020); it became the first headquarters of the New York World, which was established in 1860. Potter purchased the building outright in 1867. 

As evidence of just how important Newspaper Row was at the time, The New York World Building was the first building in the city to surpass the height of Trinity Church. Furthermore, it was the world&rsquo;s tallest building from 1890 to 1894. The 309-foot, 16-story building at 99 Park Row was capped by a copper dome and inside Joseph Pulitzer had his office. The semi-circular office had three windows with unobstructed views out to Brooklyn, Governor&rsquo;s Island, and Long Island, ceiling frescoes and embossed leather lining the walls. Also in the dome was another office for Pulitzer&rsquo;s brother-in-law, a library and a conference room. Unsurprisingly, The New York World heralded its own building as &ldquo;The Greatest Newspaper Building in the World.&rdquo; The New York World Building would be demolished in 1955 to accommodate ramp expansion at the Brooklyn Bridge. The stained glass window which was once above the entrance is now in the Columbia University School of Journalism. The New York Sun was next door and was dwarfed by the new building. Charles Dana, head of the Sun who had lost public favor due to his conservatism and anti-Semitism, criticized The New York World Building for looking like a large brass head tack. A 1904 guidebook notes the Sun Building as being the former home of the Tammany Society and was a building &ldquo;of no architectural pretensions.&rdquo; George B. Post designed the steel-frame building, with an exterior of sandstone, brick and terra-cotta. The entire thing was paid for in cash. The newspapers were printed in the basement printing press, with retail on the first and mezzanine floors. The news offices were on the top six floors, with commercial office space rented to other tenants below. According to the book Pulitzer: A Life by Denis Brian, Pulitzer furnished bedrooms on the 11th floor for editors and reporters who worked late and couldn&rsquo;t get home. At the opening celebration, an explosion caused by a photographer&rsquo;s flash powder caused a big stone to fall from City Hall and broke around fifty windows in city&rsquo;s political home.

In commissioning the controversial World Building, Joseph Pulitzer hoped to assert his paper’s dominance in American journalism. George B. Post’s design stood out not only for its imposing height (it was the tallest building in NYC to date), but also for its colorful façade and iconic dome.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[1]</a>Tallest building in the world in 1890, the headquarters for Joseph Pulitzer's World stretched 309 feet to its gold dome. Architect George B. Post used a hybrid "cage" system common in New York which used steel framing to support the interior structure and exterior masonry walls with metal columns embedded to carry floor loads.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[2]</a>&nbsp;

Space now occupied by the Potter Building

New York World Building 

World Building

New York World Building

 A fire broke out in the World building around 10:00 p.m. on January 31, 1882, supposedly because of a draft of wind from the nearby Temple Court Building. The fire destroyed much of the block within a few hours, killing six people and causing more than $400,000 in damage (equivalent to $11 million in 2020). The World building was said to have "made itself notorious the country over for burning up in the shortest time on record", and it took a week to examine the wreckage, Several days after the fire, the Real Estate Record and Guide said that "the ground is so valuable that it will no doubt be immediately built upon". 

New York World Building fire 1883

John Peter Zenger was a German printer and journalist in New York City. Zenger printed The New York Weekly Journal. He was accused of libel in 1734 by William Cosby, the royal governor of New York, but the jury acquitted Zenger, who became a symbol for freedom of the press. In 1733, Zenger began printing The New York Weekly Journal, which voiced opinions critical of the colonial governor, William Cosby. On November 17, 1734, on Cosby's orders, the sheriff arrested Zenger. After a grand jury refused to indict him, the Attorney General Richard Bradley charged him with libel in August 1735. Zenger's lawyers, Andrew Hamilton and William Smith, Sr., successfully argued that truth is a defense against charges of libel.John Peter Zenger trial would lead the way for the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America, which reads, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

Stereograph shows a parade float portraying the 1735 trial of German immigrant John Peter Zenger. The float is part of a large parade in New York City

"Who was Lately Try'd and Acquitted for Printing and Publishing a Libel against the Government" 

John Peter Zenger's Sedition Trial

 This statue commemorates Horace Greeley, longtime editor of the Tribune. The pedestal upon which the statue rests was designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Greeley established the New York Tribune in efforts to promote the Whig and Republican parties as well as opposition to slavery. In the 1872 presidential election, he was the candidate for the Liberal Republican party. 

 to editor Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune and publisher Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World  

 Started with the goal of providing a straightforward, trustworthy media source  

 "As founder of New York Tribune whose headquarters were located opposite City hall Park on Park Row. Horace Greeley set new standards for integrity in American journalism. Greeley's editorials address the social and political issues of his era, including the abolition of slavery and the settlement of the West. Greeley was nominated for the presidency in 1872, but he lost the election and died several weeks later. His body lay in state atop the rotunda staircase in City Hall. This statue by John Quincy Adams Ward was commissioned by his co-workers at the New York Tribune."  

City Hall Park

Horace Greeley Statue (City Hall Park)

This sculptural portrait of Franklin was commissioned as a gift to the City by Albert De Groot, a retired Hudson Valley steamboat captain. Park Row was for decades the center of New York`s publishing industry and newspaper businesses, and given Franklin`s activities as a printer of paper currency and publisher of newspapers and almanacs, the choice of location was particularly apt. DeGroot had earlier collaborated with Plassman on the creation of the Cornelius Vanderbilt statue (1869), which stands in the viaduct in front of Grand Central Terminal. This colossal bronze effigy depicts Franklin in 18th-century dress, holding a copy of the Philadelphia Gazette. A second casting may be viewed in the lobby of the High School of Graphic Communication Arts at 439 West 49th Street. On January 17, 1872, the 166th anniversary of Franklin`s birth, the statue was formally unveiled in a lavish ceremony in which artist and inventor Samuel F. Morse removed the shroud and newspaper publisher Horace Greeley delivered the keynote address. Charles C. Savage, speaking on behalf of the New York Typographical Society, commented: &ldquo;It is appropriate that this statue should be erected in this centre of our trade, in the very midst of our craft-work, instead of in Central Park; for Franklin`s life was devoted to practical hard work, rather than to the ornamental and the recreative.&rdquo; Today the sculpture stands in a small triangle, with Pace University as its backdrop. Having suffered from environmental corrosion, the statue was treated and restored by the Parks` monuments crew on four occasions between the 1940s and the 1980s. In 1999 the City Parks Foundation Monuments Conservation Program, with funding from the Florence Gould Foundation, American Express Company, and Samuel H. Kress Foundation, conducted a complete conservation of the statue and its large granite pedestal. Today this portrait of an American icon, with renewed luster, maintains his watchful gaze over this crossroads of civic life.Ernest Plassman's sculpture was unveiled in an elaborate ceremony with more than 20,000 people with Samuel Morse presiding. He caught pneumonia and died shortly afterward.

His experiments with electricity include the oft-reported use of a kite as a conductor during a lightning storm. Some of his more practical inventions include an open stove for home heating (dubbed &amp;ldquo;the Franklin stove&amp;rdquo;), bi-focal eyeglasses, and the lightning rod.  

Printing House Square

Benjamin Franklin statue at Pace Plaza

 Jonathan Kuhn, Director of Art and Antiquities in NYC Parks, talks about the Benjamin Franklin sculpture located across from City Hall in Lower Manhattan. The sculpture is located on Publisher's Row; Franklin of course was very influential in publishing, being a statesman, and negotiation. 

Inspired by Vienna Secession, this 13-story limestone commercial building was built as a publishing house the the New York Evening Post. Estelle Rombold-Kohn and Gutzon Borglum sculpted the "Four Periods of Publicity" on the facade.1907 The New York Evening Post moved into Architect Robert D. Kohn's Art Nouveau designed offices and printing plant; Gutzon Borglum who became famous for his work on Mt Rushmore sculpted two of the rooftop statues: the Four Periods of PublicityThe Old New York Evening Post Building is the former office and printing plant of the New York Evening Post newspaper located at 20 Vesey Street between Church Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1906-07 and was designed by architect Robert D. Kohn for Oswald Garrison Villard, who owned the Post at the time, and is considered to be "one of the few outstanding Art nouveau buildings" ever constructed in the United States. The fourteen-story, stone-veneer building is "reminiscent of the buildings that line the boulevards of Paris", and was not copied from an existing building. It features three tall bays of cast-iron framed bow windows, separated by pale limestone piers. There is an elaborate copper-covered mansard roof, two stories high and four elaborate sculpted figures. The building, which was later called the Garrison Building, was designated a New York City landmark in 1965, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The New York Landmarks Preservation Commission was headquartered in the building from 1980 to 1987.1725 New York Gazette at, 51 Pearl Street was the 1st newspaper printed in New York by William Bradford. The Gazette ceased publication November 1744 upon Bradford's retirement. Henry De Forest had been co-publishing the paper in its later years with Bradford, and he continued a paper under the title New-York Evening Post, which likely lasted until late 1752 or early 1753 (and is no relation to the current New York Post founded in 1801).Though it was first, it was not distinguished. Historian Frank Luther Mott has described the paper as a "small two-page paper, poorly printed, and containing chiefly foreign news from three to six months old, state papers, lists of ships entered and cleared, and a few advertisements."Bradford had been a printer in Philadelphia, and he was induced to move to New York in 1693 to become the public printer. He was in his 60s when he first issued the weekly Gazette in early November 1725, and he supported the provincial governor William Cosby upon which his livelihood depended. Public discontent with some of Cosby's actions (which the Gazette would not touch) led to the founding of a second newspaper in the province in 1733, The New York Weekly Journal.

 "Reminiscent of the buildings that line the boulevards of Paris",  

The statues depict the&amp;nbsp;Four Periods of Publicity; two are by&amp;nbsp;Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of&amp;nbsp;Mount Rushmore, and two by the architect's wife, Estelle Rumbold Kohn.  

 The Evening Post Building on Broadway, 1875-1907. This view was taken from St. Paul's Steeple in 1901 NYPL  

Former New York Evening Post Building

Joseph Pulitzer was a newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World. He became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York. In the 1890s the fierce competition between his World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal caused both to develop the techniques of yellow journalism, which won over readers with sensationalism, sex, crime, and graphic horrors. The wide appeal reached a million copies a day and opened the way to mass-circulation newspapers that depended on advertising revenue (rather than cover price or political party subsidies) and appealed to readers with multiple forms of news, gossip, entertainment, and advertising. Today, his name is best known for the Pulitzer Prizes, which were established in 1917 as a result of his endowment to Columbia University. The prizes are given annually to recognize and reward excellence in American journalism, photography, literature, history, poetry, music, and drama. Pulitzer founded the Columbia School of Journalism by his philanthropic bequest; it opened in 1912.Quote on the Tablet on plinth: Near this spot stood the New York World Building whose Publisher Joseph Pulitzer upheld the Highest traditions of American Journalism. An Immigrant he rose to fame and fortune and never in the process lost the common touch. 1954.

to editor Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune and publisher Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World

Joseph Pulitzer plaque

 During the late 19th century, Park Row was nicknamed Newspaper Row, as most of New York City's newspapers were located on the street to be close to City Hall. Among the earlier newspapers in the area was The New York Times, which in 1857 became the first New York City newspaper to be housed in a structure built especially for its use. Part of the southern section of the street, centered on the intersection with Spruce Street, was known as Printing House Square. The newspapers housed on Newspaper Row, combined, printed more than 250,000 copies per day at their peak, leading the area to be considered "America's preeminent press center". Other papers, such as the New York Herald and The Sun, were near Newspaper Row but not actually housed on Park Row itself. 

The Sun; The New York Journal Building; The Tribune; New York Times; The World building; 1868

Printing House Square - Intersection with Spruce Street

Newspaper Row; Printing House Square

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