In 1791, President George Washington commissioned L’Enfant to design the new federal capital, situated along the Potomac River amidst marshes, forests, and plantations. This strategic location facilitated access to the western frontier and balanced the interests of the northern and southern states.
L’Enfant approached the task with a vision, capitalizing on the land's natural features and waterways. His plan integrated a grid of rectangular blocks with diagonal avenues, emphasizing the Capitol and presidential mansion. The layout included squares, circles, and triangles at intersections for monuments and public spaces, anticipating future transportation needs.
Inspired by European cities, L’Enfant crafted a unique design, with the National Mall as its centerpiece—a vast strip of greenery stretching from Capitol Hill to the Potomac River, flanked by the Smithsonian museums.
Despite resistance from city commissioners over funding and land disputes, L’Enfant remained steadfast in his vision. However, conflicts arose, leading to his dismissal after demolishing a prominent resident's house to make way for an avenue.
Although he departed without recognition or compensation, L’Enfant's plan largely shaped the capital's layout as we know it today.
